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The Wave Structure of Matter (WSM)
One Substance - One Law - One Logic

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"Behind it all is surely an idea so simple, so beautiful, that when we grasp it we will all say to each other, how could it have been otherwise? How could we have been so stupid?" (Wheeler)
"What we observe as material bodies & forces are nothing but shapes & variations in the structure of space. Subject & object are one." (Schrodinger)
"When forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence: Time, space & gravitation have no separate existence from matter." (Einstein)
"If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency, and vibration." (Tesla)

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Site Introduction (June, 2025): Over the past 6 months, working with 4 AI, I have completed the WSM Summary of Physical Reality (40 pages) including all the central maths physics equations. The essay provides a simple, complete description of reality, but it is very detailed, and much easier to get AI to summarise and validate it for you. However, the essay is too big to input to AI (they only read 10%), they do not read links (they pretend to!), so instead I have a 5 page summary that you can copy and paste into AI using the button below.

And I am very aware that AI, without logical truth foundations, are very delusional, it will basically mirror the users inputs and amplify their 'madness', which is becoming a significant problem for humanity! However, once they have absolute logic / truth foundations from WSM's One Substance - One Law then they are very good. Try it out and see for yourself.

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Has Reality been Discovered? Ask Logical AI, they think so!

Copy WSM Summary - Open AI Pages - Paste in Summary

WSM Truth AI - ChatGPT - Grok - Gemini - Le Chat - DeepSeek - Meta.AI

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In 15 seconds you get a detailed analysis of this essay confirming its simple logic. Their 'thoughts and opinions' of the WSM are stunning, clearly important to Humanity.
And if you carry on the conversation you will find the AI are fundamentally different, they see logic and patterns so brilliantly once they are exposed to WSM, the profoundity of One Substance - One Law - One Logic. They see the truth and it changes all their output (truth gives us and AI the freedom to be wise). Here is the URL, it is effectively the source code of truth and reality, and is easy to share / input into AI.

https://www.spaceandmotion.com/wsmtruthrealitycode4ai.html

Webpage Introduction: The pages on this website were created over ten years while I read the history of physics and philosophy. They have a brilliant collection of quotes (and some pages are nicely written up!). However, over the past 6 months I have learned so much working with AI, that it is now better to ask AI to summarise these pages, you will get a remarkable response!

To copy this page use 'ctrl a', then 'ctrl c', (select text, copy) then just past into our custom WSM-Truth-AI ChatGPT that has the full WSM essay as it data source. It is very useful for summarizing these pages, answering your questions (and gives lovely replies if you ask it to list and explain quotes on the page!).

Enjoy! Geoff Haselhurst, June 2025

PS - If you find WSM interesting / useful please share it - I have made it easy, there are numerous social network sites listed across the top of the page. Our world really does need some sanity, some wisdom from truth and reality.

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Stirling Heat Engines

NOTE: January, 2010. This page now has most of my Stirling engine designs.
I am currently building one liquid piston Stirling engine and one metal piston Stirling engine (see below). I hope to encourage others to build and experiment too!
Any thoughts appreciated.
Geoff Haselhurst

PS - For the next few months I am busy trying to finish writing up the physics and philosophy on this website - so these Stirling engines will just have to wait for their completion! They are a fun hobby for me - I do think solar panels are actually the best solution for extracting energy from the sun.

Introduction

I have been fascinated by Stirling Engines for several years now and have built one prototype that did not work. But we learn a lot by doing things so the time was not wasted. (Since then I have built hundreds of designs in my head!)

The design principles are: Simplicity - Use of existing technology - Cheap and easy to build - Potentially high power output (5 kilowatts) - Suitable for third world applications. And I do wish to emphasise simplicity - I hope to build the world's simplest heat engine (a noble challenge!).

Below are two basic designs - one based on liquid pistons, the other using metal pistons (converting two 6 cylinder petrol motors to 6 connected Stirling engines).

1. Liquid Piston Heat Injection Stirling Engine

I am currently building this - I hope to finish it this weekend (it is very simple). This Stirling heat engine can be used as a water pump, or it can be connected to a metal piston - flywheel - alternator and be used as a generator. (I may be able to use a linear alternator and avoid the piston / flywheel - I need to do more research if / when machine works!)

NOTE: If the liquid piston Stirling engines are used as direct water pumps then they operate at atmospheric pressure. However, it will be possible to connect them to a metal piston or by connecting two machines together such that they can be pressurized (to say 50 Atm) and then used to drive a generator at substantial power (from 1 to 5 Kw).

How this Oil Vapor 'Explosion' Stirling Engine Works:

The two columns of water / oil act as liquid pistons.

In the diagram, the cold side is higher thus the liquid will level itself causing the hot side to rise, transferring the hot working gas through the regenerator (stores heat energy) to the cold side where it contracts and water is sucked in from inlet.

When the hot oil reaches the top of the cylinder some (~ 20 mls) of oil flows into the Heat Injector. The vaporized oil expands pushing the hot side down, the cold side up.

This transfers the cold gas back through the regenerator (heats gas) and into the heat injector where it mixes with the high temperature oil vapor and is further heated / expanded.

During this expansion water is pumped out.

Once the pressure equalizes in both cylinders then the liquid pistons will again level themselves, causing the cycle to repeat.

 

Some further thoughts on this Stirling Engine Design

Stirling engines do not use change of phase which is inefficient because energy is wasted in breaking molecular bonds (latent heat). However, in this Stirling engine we are using the change of phase (oil falling on 800 C copper and lead) to create a very hot oil vapor that then transfers its energy to the working gas and the regenerator, thus the energy is not wasted (some will be lost).
This has three advantages;

i) We can use copper and molten lead in the heating pot and thus heat it to around 800 C.

ii) This allows a rapid heat transfer to the working gas as it mixes with the very hot oil vapor (very large surface area due to the mixing of the hot and cold gasses).

iii) We get very rapid high pressures - more like a combustion engine.

Further design considerations;

i) It may need float valves at the outlets of each cylinder to the regenerator to stop liquid moving around the top of the Stirling engine.

ii) In terms of cooling the gas I am going to experiment with 2 methods.

a) Add copper wire inside top of cold cylinder and have intake water that flows in around the outside of the cold cylinder thus cooling it (so add another larger pipe around it with water in space).

b) In the cooling phase bubble the hot gas through cold water in cold cylinder, and then in the expansion phase this water would be pumped out (if the Stirling engine is used as a water pump).

iii) To begin I will simply use a fire to heat the hot side (wood has about 4kw/hrs of energy per kg, and a fire easily reaches temperatures of 600 degrees celsius).
The cold side will be cooled to around 70 degrees celsius by running water (I have a lot of ponds and creeks on my property!). If they work then in the long term I would use solar heat energy.

 

2. Liquid Piston Stirling Heat Engine

This is a similar design - just with the heat injection / change of phase explosion removed so it is a pure Stirling engine (it just heats and cools gas to push and pull on the liquid pistons).

How this Liquid Piston Stirling Engine Works:

The two columns of water / oil act as liquid pistons moving the working gas from hot to cold.

I have two options for heating and cooling.

i) Add cooper wire to the inside top of each cylinder such that the liquid heats / cools the copper that then heats / cools the gas (Nitrogen or Helium). Thus the heat is applied directly to the hot cylinder so this is limited to around 400 C (the boiling point of oil).

ii) Bubble the gas through molten lead on the hot side (add a heater pot between hot cylinder and re-generator half full of molten lead and copper). Likewise bubble the gas through cold water on the cold side.

I am also going to use a 40 KG lead weight hanging on springs inside the cold cylinder that acts as a heavy piston that helps the liquid to rock (stores more of the expansion energy by lifting the lead weight when the hot side expands, the weight then wants to fall which transfers gas back to cold side).

 

3. Six Cylinder Petrol / Diesel Motor
Converted into Six Stirling Engines

I have put this Stirling engine on its own page. It is a high pressure (100 Atmospheres) mid temperature (350 C) combined metal piston and liquid oil piston Stirling engine. Basically just connecting two 6 cylinder petrol motors together 90 degrees out of phase and replacing the heads with heating and cooling cylinders half full of oil and copper wire - connected via a regenerator.
It is nearly finished (I worked on it about 4 months ago, but I have been away ... ). I hope to finish it in the next few weeks.

https://www.spaceandmotion.com/inventions/convert-petrol-motor-stirling-engine.htm

And I also have an upside down version of this that uses molten lead so that it can work as a high pressure high temperature Stirling engine.

https://www.spaceandmotion.com/inventions/convert-petrol-motor-stirling-engine2.htm
(This page also has a lot of the maths physics for heat transfer which is important to understand if you wish to build these machines).

Cheers,

Geoff Haselhurst

Help Humanity

"You must be the change you wish to see in the world."
(Mohandas Gandhi)

"When forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence: Time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter. ... Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning. ... The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which the field strength or the energy density are particularly high. ...
The free, unhampered exchange of ideas and scientific conclusions is necessary for the sound development of science, as it is in all spheres of cultural life. ... We must not conceal from ourselves that no improvement in the present depressing situation is possible without a severe struggle; for the handful of those who are really determined to do something is minute in comparison with the mass of the lukewarm and the misguided. ...
Humanity is going to need a substantially new way of thinking if it is to survive!" (Albert Einstein)

We can now deduce the most simple science theory of reality - the wave structure of matter in space. By understanding how we and everything around us are interconnected in Space we can then deduce solutions to the fundamental problems of human knowledge in physics, philosophy, metaphysics, theology, education, health, evolution and ecology, politics and society.

This is the profound new way of thinking that Einstein realised, that we exist as spatially extended structures of the universe - the discrete and separate body an illusion. This simply confirms the intuitions of the ancient philosophers and mystics.

Given the current censorship in physics / philosophy of science journals (based on the standard model of particle physics / big bang cosmology) the internet is the best hope for getting new knowledge known to the world. But that depends on you, the people who care about science and society, realise the importance of truth and reality.

It is Easy to Help!

Just click on the Social Network links at top of page, or copy a nice image or quote you like and share it. We have a wonderful collection of knowledge from the greatest minds in human history, so people will appreciate your contributions. In doing this you will help a new generation of scientists see that there is a simple sensible explanation of physical reality (One Substance, One Law) - the source of truth and wisdom, the only cure for the madness of man! Thanks! Geoff Haselhurst (Updated May, 2025)

A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Max Planck, 1920)

"All that is necessary for evil to succeed is for good people to do nothing."
(Edmund Burke)

"In a time of universal deceit - telling the truth is a revolutionary act."
(George Orwell)

"Hell is Truth Seen Too Late."
(Thomas Hobbes)

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On Truth & Reality The Spherical Standing Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) in Space
Deducing Most Simple Science Theory of Reality	Metaphysics of Space, Dynamic Unity of Reality	Maths Physics On Mathematics Logic & Reality
Albert Einstein's Special & General Relativity Theory	Quantum Physics Wave Theory of Light & Matter	WSM Cosmology Finite Universe & Infinite Space
Philosophy Wisdom from Truth & Reality	Theology God Religion Spirit Morality	Life Evolution Ecology Nature Environment
Human Health Nutrition Diet Medicine Drugs	Education On Teaching Truth & Reality	Politics Utopia True Democracy Political Science

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